Internet

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INTERNET IS ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION NETWORK INTERNET IS ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION NETWORK

INTERNET IS ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION NETWORK – The Internet is an electronic communication network that connects computer networks with computer facilities around the world. This network is structured and organized via telephone or satellite. Modern human life cannot be separated from the internet network. Because the internet is a network system that can connect one device to another. The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks using the standard Internet Protocol Suite. In addition to computers, currently the internet can also connect various kinds of devices and serve billions of users around the world.

The existence of the internet allows a person to find the information he wants. For example, looking for the latest news or accessing streaming services to watch his favorite drama series. This is also related to the notion of the internet as an open global communication network. The internet is one proof of technological sophistication. The internet can have a positive or negative impact depending on the user. The internet has become the main component that supports the activities of modern society today.

Furthermore, the following is a summary of the meaning of the internet according to the experts to the benefits of the internet. Check out the full discussion below.

Understanding the Internet.

READ ALSO  : All Things Internet Connected There Are 5 Facts

Literally understanding the internet is a collection of computers around the world that are connected to a network. The internet can be analogized as a large library that contains various kinds of information that people need. In the Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI), the internet is an electronic communication network that connects computer networks with computer facilities around the world. This network is structured and organized via telephone or satellite. Meanwhile, according to figures and experts in the field of information technology, Onno W. Purbo, the internet is a medium that allows a communication process that can run efficiently by connecting devices to various applications.

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All Things Internet Connected There Are 5 Facts All Things Internet Connected There Are 5 Facts

All Things Internet Connected There Are 5 Facts – Various Things When Connected To The Internet There Are 5 Actual Facts Called The Internet Of Everything That Internet Users Should Know

The presence of the internet in human life is growing day by day. Not only as a means of communication and finding information, the internet has transformed into the Internet of Things (IoT) where all objects are connected to the internet.

However, it doesn’t end there. The renewable concept emerged under the name Internet of Everything (IoE) with the ambition of connecting people, data, processes, and objects in the internet network. You need to know, IoE itself is not something new, but this concept is an ‘refinement’ of IoT.

To see more about the Internet of Everything, let’s see the full review below!

1. What is the Internet of Everything From the previous explanation, you already know that the Internet of Everything refers to the relationship between humans, objects, data, and processes that are united in a common system that is interrelated, namely the internet.

The concept was promoted because everything, not just electronic devices, should be connected to the smart internet. In other words, the presence of IoE wants to create a world with billions of sensors embedded into various devices, machines, and other objects.

“Internet of Everything (IoE) brings people, processes, data and things together to make network connections more relevant and valuable than ever?

2. The purpose of the establishment of IoE technology

Maybe you are wondering the purpose of IoE being created. According to Cisco, a global telecommunications company and the originator of the concept, IoE was launched to:

create network connections that are more relevant and valuable than ever before;
turning information into action;
facilitate data-driven decision making;
creating new capabilities, richer experiences and unprecedented economic opportunities for businesses, individuals and nations.

3. Main components of IoE

Internet of Everything has main components in the form of hardware, software, and services. However, there are four constituent elements, namely:

Public
The presence of the community plays an important role in providing information. The data is obtained through the websites, applications or connected devices they use, such as social media.

Then, the AI ​​(Artificial Intelligence) algorithm analyzes the information to “understand” the problems facing society. After that, relevant content will be provided according to their needs to help solve problems and make decisions.

Certain items
Items implanted with sensors and actuators can produce information about their condition. Because the sensor is embedded, the data can be sent to others in the network.

Data
The raw data generated by a particular device has no value. However, IoE makes it possible to turn it into very valuable. The trick is to first analyze and classify the data.

Process
The process or stages of processing ensure that the right information is sent to the right people at the right time. In addition, the goal of the process is to ensure the best possible use of Big Data.

ALSO READ : The Role of Characteristics in Choosing a Trusted Slot Site

4. Difference between Internet of Everything and Internet of Things

As mentioned earlier, IoE is a refinement of IoT. In this case, the two still have differences, namely:

The focus of IoT is only on physical objects;
IoE has a reach that is not only limited to devices, but also processes, data, and people.
To be clear, IoT refers to the connectivity between physical objects that send and receive data, while IoE is a broader term that includes many technologies as well as people.

5. Internet of Everything application in life

Almost all types of sectors can apply the IoE model. Some examples are:

Manufacturing industries can implement sensor functions to monitor equipment parts that need to be repaired or replaced;
Urban systems can utilize smart water and electricity meters to monitor usage levels;
Sensor methods can also be applied to logistics and shipping companies to optimize shipping and routing conditions.
The creation of the Internet of Everything is intended to further facilitate human life. Do you think it’s good that everything in this world is connected to the internet

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The Right Tips for Choosing the Best Internet Provider – This is an era where everyone needs the internet to be able to access everything. What we all want to know, we just have to look for it on the internet and we can get it very easily. In order to get internet connection facilities at work or where you live, you need to subscribe first and for that you need to choose the right provider for you. Of course, you can’t just choose the provider arbitrarily.

There are several things that need to be considered so that you do not choose the wrong one. Here are some tips for choosing the best ISP for WiFi or LAN for you.

The Right Tips for Choosing the Best Internet Provider

1. Pay attention to the availability and coverage of the ISP location that you will use
The area where you live or where you work determines your service provider. Not all providers provide ISPs everywhere. The most common reason that underlies this is that the cable internet provider has not been installed in the area.

Before rushing to register and subscribe, it’s a good idea to ask the customer service provider first to find out whether the service provider reaches your area or not. If not, like it or not, you have to choose another internet provider.

2. Understand the need for internet speed and the reputation of the internet service provider that you will choose
Let’s ask again, what do you subscribe to the internet for? For entertainment? For work? Do you need super fast and smooth internet? Or just plain enough? If you know these needs, then you can determine which provider is right for you.

Each provider has its own advantages and disadvantages in its services. Some provide internet services that are more expensive than other providers, but make sure their internet is never problematic.

There are also providers who charge low prices, but quite often they experience disconnection cases and so on. Pay close attention to this issue and it’s a good idea to do your research first regarding the reputation of the provider you want to use.

Also Read :The Fastest Internet Provider in Indonesia

3. Make sure there is a service package that suits you
After knowing your usage needs, now is the time for you to find out the packages provided by the provider. Generally, each provider will offer a number of packages for you to choose from.

Each package has a price and offers various bundling facilities available. There are packages that provide unlimited internet quota. On the other hand, there are packages that limit their internet quota, but have extraordinary speeds. Choose the package that suits you.

4. Make sure your provider provides a package that fits your budget
It is undeniable, the availability of a budget is something important to consider. If you need an incredibly fast and smooth internet, but don’t have enough funds to pay for the package, you can’t help but think again about it.

For this condition, the best tip, of course, is to readjust to the budget you have. Lack of budget makes you have to rethink the WiFi service you want. If there are no providers and services that are suitable for you, you should postpone subscribing first.

After all, you can still solve your internet connection problem by going to a place that provides fast WiFi service. Unless the situation forces you, you should choose the most affordable provider and package. That’s much better than nothing at all.

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The Fastest Internet Provider in Indonesia – In everyday life we definitely need the internet to be able to download something. But not all internet has a good network. The following is the fastest internet provider in Indonesia

1. Indihome
Provided by the State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) Telkom Group, Indihome is no stranger. Using a fiber optic network, this ISP has covered all regions of Indonesia, so you don’t have to worry about being out of reach! What can we enjoy from Indihome?

First, Indihome offers speeds of up to 300 Mbps, so you don’t have to worry about slow networks! In addition, the Indihome connection is also stable and weather-resistant. Indihome also usually comes with cable TV packages. Indihome subscription fees start from IDR 275,000 per month with 20 Mbps. Affordable, right?

The Fastest Internet Provider in Indonesia

2. MNC Play
Provided by PT MNC Kabel Mediacom under the auspices of MNC Group, MNC Play is on the rise among internet users. In addition to using fiber optic technology, MNC Play’s network capacity reaches up to 10 Gbps!

However, the drawback of MNC Play is its regional coverage. MNC Play can only be enjoyed in 9 major cities in Indonesia. MNC Play also comes with cable TV. To subscribe, you can pay starting from Rp. 369,000 per month with a speed of 30 Mbps and cable TV.

3. MyRepublic
Well-known among gamers, this ISP named MyRepublic comes from a neighboring country, Singapore. In Indonesia, MyRepublic is managed by PT Innovate Mas Indonesia and PT Eka Mas Republik under the auspices of PT Dian Swastatica Sentosa (DSSA) Tbk.

MyRepublic offers affordable high speed and cable TV services in three types of packages, namely

Value (30 Mbps/Rp336.000)
Fast (50 Mbps/Rp 406.000)
Nova Lite (100 Mbps/Rp 466.000)
However, the MyRepublic service has not yet reached all of Indonesia and is only present in big cities. Looking at the price, make sure it fits your needs, OK!

Also Read :Recognize Important Aspects in Digital Marketing

4. Transvision
Provided by Trans Media under the auspices of CT Corp., TransVision started its trail as a cable TV service. However, TransVision also appeared to be present as an ISP, namely “hi-speed”.

Not only cable TV, you can also get high-speed internet. For the subscription package, TransVision provides two subscription packages, namely:

Internet + Cable TV + Mol TV Apps (starting from IDR 319,000/month with 30 Mbps)
Internet + Cable TV (starting from IDR 269,000/month with 30 Mbps)

5. Megavision
Well-known in West Java, MegaVision uses Fiber-to-the-Home technology to provide super-fast internet access and cable TV services in one infrastructure.

MegaVision’s drawback is its “exclusivity” in the Bandung, Bogor, and surrounding areas only. MegaVision provides packages starting from Rp. 229,000/month with 10 Mbps (Silver) and Rp. 279,000/month with 10 Mbps (Gold). The difference is the rental of the decoder only.

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Recognize the Types of Internet Crime – We can’t just believe in internet security. Currently there are many crimes, especially in the world of networks or the internet. Internet crimes other than hackers are already many and stalking our activities

1. Carding

Carding can be considered as an act of theft, but it is digital. The reason is, carding is a term for illegal shopping activities using other people’s credit card numbers or identities. The perpetrators themselves are called carders.

And it’s even worse that it turns out that Indonesia is the second country after Ukraine with the highest carding crime rate in the world. No half-hearted anymore, 20% of internet transactions from Indonesia is the result of carding.

Therefore, it is not surprising that many online shopping sites in the world block IP addresses from Indonesia. In a sense, blacklisted so that Indonesians cannot shop on the site. The point is Carding is an internet crime that is very detrimental to other people.

Recognize the Types of Internet Crime

2. Defacing

This one internet crime works by changing a website page or another party’s website. Usually due to disappointment, and this is not fatal. In a sense not too harmful. There are several cases of defacing that occur on government websites such as the Minister of Communication and Information, BI, KPU, and many more. Defacing sites can usually be recovered quickly.

Also Read : Easy Ways to Overcome Positive Internet

3. Hacking

Hacking or hacker is an activity of theft of privacy by hacking computer programs belonging to other people or parties. However, even though it is classified as a crime, hacking itself seems to be divided into two categories, namely good and bad. A good hacker is a hacker who observes the security of someone else’s program, if a vulnerability is found, the hacker immediately informs the developer that the application program is not safe and should be repaired immediately.

While bad hackers usually take advantage of security holes for malicious purposes. For example disrupting computer programs, stealing privacy, or taking over an application program.

4. Cracking

Furthermore, Cracking which is concluded as hacking is malicious or destructive. The culprit himself is called a cracker. This crime can be compared to hackers. But if there are hackers who are good, then Cracking tends to be only bad. The point is to steal, rob, and others in cyberspace.

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Easy Ways to Overcome Positive Internet – Positive internet often irritates us. With the advent of the positive internet we cannot access a site that we are aiming for. Positive internet was created by the government to limit sites that are not allowed to be accessed by some people, such as small children or hackers. It’s not only dangerous sites that we can’t access but also harmless sites that are affected. However, you don’t need to worry. Here’s how to overcome positive internet

1. Using extensions on Google

Like adblockers, Chrome has extensions that can break you from the positive internet. Its name is betternet VPN. Simply install it in the extension, you will have an additional option in the upper right corner in the form of a shield symbol.

Every time you can go to the blocked site, click the shield symbol and activate it. Don’t forget to turn it off when you’re done using it. This extension can also be added in Firefox.

2. Using the Opera browser

How to Eliminate Positive Internet, Use 5 Options Iniopera.com
Opera has its own VPN system so it’s more reliable for privacy concerns. To get this feature, go to Opera settings, then select advanced and select privacy & security.

In that option there will be an option to enable vpn. Activate. To use it, a VPN will appear on the left side of the address column. Click and you will be able to reach the blocked site.

3. Using a browser called Puffin

It’s as easy as turning the palm of the hand. You just need to download the Puffin browser and after that just use it.

Try to go to these blocked sites and you will definitely be able to use them right away.

Also Read : Easy Ways to Overcome Slow Internet

4. Using a VPN application on a smartphone

How to Eliminate Positive Internet, Use 5 Options Initech.co
You can access blocked sites not only via a computer, but also from a smartphone. The point is the same, you need to have a VPN to be able to access blocked sites. One of the highly recommended VPNs is 1.1.1.1.

5. Change your proxy

How to Eliminate Positive Internet, Use 5 Options Inilifewire.com
A proxy server is a server that moves following client requests from other servers. Simply put, in terms of romance, you ask for the help of other friends to ask for the number of the child you have an crush on.

To change the proxy, the first thing you can do is go to a site called proxysite.com. From there, change the server to a foreign server, the EU for example, then fill in the blocked website that you want to access.

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Easy Ways to Overcome Slow Internet – Currently we can not be separated from the name of the internet. The internet can make it easier for us to do a job. With the internet we can get work done quickly and more efficiently. Everyone also certainly wants a stable internet connection. But what if the internet connection slows down? A slow internet connection can make work unfinished. Here’s how to speed up internet connection

1. Reboot Phone
This method may sound simple, but it affects your internet performance. Usually, when it’s been on and used for too long, the phone will process things more heavily. This turns out to be affecting the internet connection, you know.

For iPhone 8 users or earlier versions, you can press the button on the right side for a few seconds until the words “Slide to Power Off” appear on the screen.

Meanwhile, for iPhone X users, you have to press and hold the button on the right side together with one of the volume buttons. Then, turn it back on after a while.

Meanwhile, for android users, just press the power button until several options appear. Then select “Restart”. Restart your phone after a while.

2. Update on the phone
Check your phone for updates regularly. Mobile phone software updates can make your internet connection easier. Although this method of overcoming slow internet is rare, it could be a trigger for slow internet. Sometimes the application still “sucks” data even when it is not being used so that it burdens the overall performance. Applications that have not been updated can also make the phone work harder and thus affect the internet connection.

3. Disable and Update Applications
Disable the use of some applications that are heavy or more optimal performance when using WiFi.

Because, sometimes applications still “suck” data even though they are not in use, thus burdening overall performance.

Applications that have not been updated can also make your phone work harder and affect the internet connection.

Also Read : Unackackable Internet

For iPhone users, you can fix this by visiting Settings > Cellular, then disabling the app’s access to your cellular data network.

For Android users, you can do this: Settings > Network & Internet > Mobile networks > Data usage. Click on the app that you don’t want to use data for when not in use.

4. Clear cache
One thing that is also often forgotten is when you switch from one application to another, and the previously used application is not closed. What you do this will use your Internet connection to continue to be active. You can regularly clear the cache on your smartphone so that applications that are not in use can be completely stopped operating.

5. Remove the SIM card
You can also try removing the SIM card from your phone and reinserting it. Each device sometimes has a different SIM card storage area. Sometimes you need a tool like a safety pin to open the SIM card slot. The purpose of removing the SIM card is so that the phone can reset the search for internet networks.

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Unackackable Internet Unackackable Internet

Unackackable Internet – After going through several stages of the filtering process, we are finally able to enhance the articles we have collected with data from reliable sources that discuss the unhackable internet. An international team of scientists led by the University of Bristol in the UK, are making significant strides in creating an internet network that is claimed to be very secure.

Quoted from Unilad, this unique prototype can transform online communication well, and is touted as the largest quantum network of its kind.

In a report published in the scientific journal Science Advances, they describe how to use a principle known as entanglement to exploit the forces of two separate particles placed in different locations to mimic each other at exactly the same time.

This process paved the way for much better opportunities in the fields of quantum computers, sensors and information processing. Lead author of the study, Dr Siddarth Joshi, who leads the project at the University of Bristol’s Quantum Engineering Technology (QET) Labs, said this was a major breakthrough and made the quantum internet a much more realistic proposition.

“Until recently, building quantum networks was costly, time and resource intensive, and often sacrificed security which defeats the whole purpose,” he said.

That said, their solutions are scalable, relatively inexpensive, and most importantly, impenetrable. That is, it is an interesting game changer and paves the way for much faster development and widespread rollout of this technology.

Today’s internet systems rely on complex codes for information protection. Meanwhile, hackers continue to hone their skills to circumvent this system, so that cyber attacks around the world increase significantly.

Such losses are projected to soar as hackers become more proficient, and the need to seek alternatives becomes increasingly important.

For decades, quantum has been seen as a revolutionary replacement for standard encryption techniques. Physicists have developed a type of secure encryption called a quantum key distribution – which transmits particles of light, known as photons.

This process means that two users can share a secret key to encrypt and decrypt information, without the risk of being intercepted. However, to date, this technique has only proven effective between two users.

Also Read:A Brief History of the Inventor of the Internet

Instead of making physical connections (eg glass fibers) between each user, the team could build a system in which each user only had one glass fiber connected to the source of quantum entanglement.

“To date efforts to expand the network have involved extensive infrastructure and systems requiring the creation of another transmitter and receiver for each additional user,” said Joshi.

Sharing messages in this way, which are known as trusted nodes, is not good enough because it uses so much additional hardware that it can leak and is no longer completely secure.

“Instead of having to replicate the entire communication system, this new methodology, called multiplexing, separates light particles, emitted by one system, so that they can be received by multiple users efficiently,” he said.

Previous quantum systems took years to build, at costs that add up to the millions or even billions of pounds. However, this new network was created in a few months for less than £ 300,000.

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A Brief History of the Inventor of the Internet A Brief History of the Inventor of the Internet

A Brief History of the Inventor of the Internet – In using the internet, you should know in advance about the brief history of the invention of the internet. The following is an article about the discovery of the internet, which is currently an alternative to finding the best information that has been summarized from trusted sources.
Internet is one part of technological development. Where everyone can easily find various kinds of information from around the world. Not only that, the internet has become a link for hundreds of millions of people in the world. Through the internet, people do work, get entertainment, make calls to video calls.

Then who actually created the internet? Who are the scientists behind the emergence of technology that is very helpful for the continuity of human life today? Of course we internet users must not forget that the tools currently in use are someone’s work.

Who would have thought that the internet has been born for decades. The history of the internet may have started when you were still not born. The internet itself has been predicted by previous scientists who envision network systems around the world. Curious about how the internet started? Check out the history here.

Internet history

Know the History of Internet Development in the World

The Internet is the result of the hard work of dozens of scientists, programmers and technicians who work together to discover new changes in technology. One scientist who predicted the emergence of information that could be found around the world was Nikola Tesla. The idea of ​​a “world wireless system” has emerged in the 1900s he has put forward.

The idea was later developed by Paul Otlet and Vannevar Brush who succeeded in creating a mechanical system. Also created an easy search system in books and media in the 1930s and 1940s. The development of the internet was very large after those years when the American government used it in the military.

The role of the internet in the military is to provide the broad and accessible data that it is today. The internet system itself comes from the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) which is also owned by the US government military. The leader in SAGE is J.C.R Licklider who has a universal networking vision to unite humanity.
In 1958, the US government created the Advance Research Project Agency which now has a major role with ARPANet. The program that was created was also in order to become a country that led the development of technology to compete with the Soviet Union which created the Sport. ARPANet itself is used to unite multiple computers so that they can be used as a single communication tool.

Also Read :How Can The Global Internet Be Regulated

Technology continued to evolve and in 1961. Lenoard Kleinrock wrote the “Information Flow in Large Communication Nets” grace test which finally became the first step in the development of the internet at large. Technology itself continued to develop until 1970 by scientists Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf.

They created the Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol (TCP / IP). This communication model they created allows data to be sent across multiple networks. On January 1, 1983 ARPANet adopted the TCP / IP system and many scientists began working to create a ‘network to network’.

Earlier in 1971 the first computer virus called Creeper infected the ARPANet. This was written by BBN programmer Robert Thomas, who is conducting an experimental software that can scan itself. The term “internet” appeared in 1974 when TCP / IP was introduced. Starting from here the ARPANet developed rapidly and is used in various universities while being continuously developed by scientists.

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How-Can-The-Global-Internet-Be-Regulated

How Can The Global Internet Be Regulated  – Beyond managing domain names and associated IP addresses, the Internet does not have much governance. Technical experts from around the world met recently in Berlin to discuss options. John Savage, the An Wang Professor of Computer Science at Brown, presented a working paper on approaches to the Internet governance question.
PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — Policymakers, business leaders and technical experts from all over the world gathered recently in Berlin for the fifth Global Cyberspace Cooperation Summit. Sponsored by the German Foreign Office and the EastWest Institute, a global nonprofit focused on international conflict resolution, the summit aimed to address a wide variety of political, economic and social issues that have arisen since the global emergence of the Internet.

John Savage, the An Wang Professor of Computer Science at Brown and a professorial fellow of the EastWest Institute, was a presenter at the summit on Internet governance. Savage and Bruce McConnell, senior vice president at the EastWest Institute, contributed a working paper to the conference outlining broad recommendations for how the governance of the Internet could be structured.

Savage discussed the paper with Kevin Stacey, Brown science news officer.

Could you give us an overview of how the Internet is governed today?

The short answer is that the Internet is basically not governed. One component is governed, and that concerns domain names and the associated IP addresses. There is an organization called the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers or ICANN that supervises this process. The creation of the corporation was supported by the U.S. government, which maintains limited control over the organization. Specifically, the government has some limited control over the root zone file. When a computer encounters a domain name its never seen before, it goes to the root zone file and from there it’s directed to machines that can do the translation from domain name to IP address. The U.S. maintains some control over the file, but has announced that in about a year it plans to relinquish that control.

Over the last decade many forums have emerged to discuss issues of Internet governance, including the World Summit on the Information Society, the U.N.’s Internet Governance Forum and others. They examined an astonishing range of issues, but none of these groups has authority to make decisions. So it’s fair to say that governance of the Internet is still evolving.

There have been calls for expanding global governance of the Internet. Could you explain what types of issues that might entail?

We ask the question in our paper: What is Internet governance? The fact is that it means many things to many people. To some it means doing something about crime mediated by the Internet — fraud, identity theft, theft of intellectual property. For others it’s Internet terrorism. For others it’s human rights — freedom of expression and protection from surveillance. The list goes on.

In our paper, we outline five broad areas of concern for Internet governance. Those include network architecture (technical issues dealing with the function of the Internet), content control (issues like spam and child pornography), cybercrime, cyber attacks (terrorism and major network disruptions), and human rights.

What are some of your recommendations on how to deal with these issues?

When you think about it, so many of the issues people are looking to govern predate the Internet — crime, human rights terrorism, etc. There do exist international organizations that deal with many of these issues already. We think that existing organizations should deal with those governance matters involving the Internet that fall within their respective areas. For example, do we need a separate agency to deal with Internet-based crime and terrorism when we have Interpol and a variety of other organizations that already deal with these things? The answer in our view is no, there’s no need for that.

The problem with a lot of these agencies is that they’re not up to speed when it comes to the Internet. So we propose that these organizations should start to air these issues in forums with multiple stakeholders who have expertise in the Internet. They should bring in NGOs, corporations, and technical experts to give input on technical, political, and economic aspects to these issues. When you create multi-stakeholder organizations like these, you bring expertise that governments and agencies don’t have. As a consequence, they can make better decisions and move forward more rapidly.

For those issues dealing with the technical aspects of network architecture, we recommend multi-stakeholder oversight of existing technical organizations like ICANN. However, we recommend that oversight bodies dealing with such organizations only have the right to accept or reject technical recommendations, not change them. Such recommendations should only be modified by qualified technical people.

What are the advantages to this decentralized approach?

Internet governance today is very complex, largely because it encompasses a large variety of issues. The likelihood of reaching agreement on them increases if we can simplify the landscape. To us, that means disaggregating governance into a small set of important issues, including those we outline in the paper. That increases the odds that existing international bodies can deal with most of them. Multi-stakeholder participation in each of these bodies brings the expertise and concern found among the citizenry and nongovernmental organizations to bear on complex Internet governance issues. We would hope that that could be done in a way that encourages openness, transparency, and inclusiveness.

If one organization governs all of the Internet, some governments may be tempted to try to capture control of this organization and, thereby, have too great a say about Internet governance. For example, the governments of Russia, China, Saudi Arabia, and others have advocated consolidating Internet governance under the International Telecommunications Union, a United Nations organization that currently oversees telephony and other matters of international communications. We would argue that isn’t a good approach, given the diversity and complexity of the issues at hand.